Common Bile Duct Stones

Bile duct stones are usually developed in the gall bladder which migrates to the bile duct or sometimes even forms in the bile duct primarily. Choledocholithiasis is the condition characterized by the presence of stones in the common bile duct. The bile duct is responsible for carrying bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine, which is responsible for digestion and fat absorption. The development of bile stones will cause hindrance in the proper flow of bile to the intestine, which in turn affects the digestion process.

Gall stones or bile stones are made up of cholesterol, bile salts and pigments which have solidified into stones. The size of the stones differs along with their numbers. Sometimes the stones may pass out of the bile duct spontaneously without any medical intervention. However, for the stones that are large and get stuck to the bile duct, proper treatment is necessary to prevent the inflammation, bacterial infection, and surrounding organ damage.

SYMPTOMS

Usually, bile stones may not cause any symptoms until they obstruct the duct. People may experience the below-mentioned symptoms  in severe cases such as :

• Fever
• Jaundice
• Abdominal pain mostly right or middle abdomen
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and nausea
• Greasy or light-coloured stools

Sometimes they also cause a severe bacterial infection in the liver known as ascending cholangitis. Biliary stones are also the cause of Acute Pancreatitis which may even be life-threatening.

DIAGNOSIS

Mostly bile duct stones can be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and blood tests which indicate a high level of bilirubin and other liver enzymes. The other diagnostic tools that can be used to confirm the bile stones include the ultrasound, abdominal CT scan, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

TREATMENT

The treatments mainly focus on relieving the blockage and might include various methods such as :

Endoscopic Technique –  miniaturized instruments can be passed through the ERCP that enlarge the duct opening in the duodenum and remove the stones. It is then followed by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with CBD Exploration - In this technique along with the removal of the gall bladder, CBD is opened, stones retrieved and then the duct is sutured back usually over a stent.

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Hernia - Surgery Or Ignorance

When a fatty tissue or organ squeezes or protrudes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or fascia (connecting tissue), it can be considered as a hernia. Usually, hernias occur in the abdomen, but it could also come in the upper thigh, tummy, and groin areas. There are mainly 5 types of hernias, such as: 

• Incisional hernia - occurs after abdominal surgery. The intestine might push through the incision or scar surrounding the weekend tissue
• Inguinal hernia - occurs in the inner parts of the groin area  
• Femoral hernia - usually occurs outside the groin area
• Ventral hernia - occurs in the abdomen 
• Hiatus hernia - occurs in the diaphragm

Inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia occurs when a tissue such as part of the intestine or organ protrudes from the abdominal region. Such hernias could be painful, especially while coughing, bending over to lift a heavy object.  

Surgery  is recommended to prevent complications. These are one of the most common hernias which occur in men. 

Causes 

  Certain reasons why inguinal hernias are developed are as follows:

• Chronic cough or sneezing
• Pregnancy 
• Severe pressure within the abdomen 
• The pre-existing weak spot near or in the abdominal wall
• Performing heavy or difficult activities 
• Abdominal surgery or injuries 
• Age 
• Constipation 
• Prostatic enlargement

Complications if left untreated 

There are a few complications for inguinal hernia such as:

• Surrounding tissue will experience pressure - if the hernias are not treated or removed surgically, then it could get enlarged over time. This might cause swelling and pain for men as it would get extended to the scrotum.
• Incarcerated hernia - the contents of hernia might get trapped in the weak point in the abdominal wall and can cause severe pain, vomiting, constipation, and nausea.
• Strangulation - these incarcerated hernias can become an obstruction for the blood flow to the intestinal parts. Strangulation can become a serious threat to the bowel tissues hence, it needs to be treated immediately. 

Medical care 

Sometimes reducing the excess weight or obesity can reduce the pain, avoid further complications, helps to prevent discomfort, and in certain situations, it would reduce the size of the hernia. Hernias that gives severe pain or that gets enlarged need to undergo surgery. Most of the hernias are dealt with laparoscopically. 

Hernias are no different than any other problems people face in life. Hence, they should be treated immediately.

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Can Treating Sleep Apnea Cause Weight Loss?

        The perils of leading a dissolute life tend to manifest at a later stage especially in the form of obesity. Very often people grapple with this health condition and find themselves at a loss as to how to trim those extra pounds. To further exacerbate the issue of weight gain there are a host of other ailments that thrive in this condition and often converge to make life miserable for the unsuspecting individual. Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and Sleep apnea are the potentially dangerous maladies that have the potential to significantly disrupt one's quality of life.

        

Sleep Apnea requires special mention since it's one of those conditions that usually gets overlooked leading to fatal consequences. It's often considered to be a corollary of obesity and weight gain is checked Sleep Apnea is naturally taken care of. Obesity leads to the accumulation of fat in almost all areas including the neck. This tends to constrict the airway and restrict air flow when the person is asleep. One of the most prevalent medical procedures to cure Sleep Apnea is that of CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure).

        

While studies have been conducted to ascertain whether the treatment of Sleep Apnea via CPAP could potentially lead to a reduction in Body Mass Index and thus facilitate weight loss, the findings have been inconclusive. The objective was to find out whether consistent CPAP administration could regulate leptin levels by way of increased physical activity. However the results of multiple tests conducted on men and women have yielded inconsistent results.

       

 However it's almost conclusively proven that CPAP in itself isn't a major contributor to weight loss. It's the resultant spurt in physical activity that addresses a host of issues that are an outcome of obesity and eventually shaves off the extra flab thus rejuvenating the body. Sleep disruption unsettles the body, rendering the individual lethargic and shorn of energy. Once the sleeping pattern is reinstated the person finds the vigor and vitality to go about his daily routine, pursue weight reduction programs and as a consequence acquire a well-toned and balanced physique.

        

To conclude, medication is never the means to address the root cause of Sleep Apnea. It could at best revitalize your system and the metabolism levels and perhaps indirectly induce weight loss. However it's in the best interest of everyone to not let things spiral out of control by leading a balanced life which has moderation as its ethos.

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Why Are Children Also Getting Affected With Diabetes ?

Diabetes is one of the biggest global healthcare crisis of the 21st century, with approximately 72 million cases recorded in India. Every 1 out of 10 children in India is prone to diabetes that is expected to double by 2025. While November 14th is celebrated prominently as children's day in India, Interestingly, it is also the same day when 'World Diabetes Day' is observed. The attribute which can be linked strongly to the alarming rise of type 2 diabetes among children is OBESITY. Studies indicate that nearly 5.74%-8.84% of school children in India are obese, and 66.11% of children have abnormal sugar levels in their bodies.

The rising prevalence of diabetes in children is closely associated with economic growth and modernization as they are opening wide the entry point for the globalized marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages high in sugar levels and fats. The children of today are eating about 20% more fat and 40% more sugar than they did six decades ago while burning lesser calories.

Around 85% of children with type 2 diabetes are either obese or overweight due to their sedentary, inactive lifestyle which primarily revolves around watching TV, playing video games and internet gazing rather than getting involved in any physical activity or outdoor sports. The improving standard of living has replaced the traditional micronutrient-rich foods with the readily available, unhealthy, high-calorie junk food which deprives children of getting proper nutrition.

Children with an apple-shaped body who carry the majority of their excess body weight around their abdomen are at high risk of developing diabetes in contrast to children with a pear-shaped body who carry most of their weight in the hips and thighs.

Apart from obesity inactivity, family history of diabetes, adolescent age, low birth weight, and mother with gestational diabetes are the other factors that increase the risk of developing childhood diabetes.

SYMPTOMS

 Type 2 diabetes in children may develop gradually and may manifest symptoms such as

1.     Increased thirst and frequent urination

2.     Fatigue

3.     Blurred vision

4.     Slow healing of wounds

5.     Dry mouth

COMPLICATIONS

Children with type 2 diabetes are at the risk of developing potentially dangerous conditions that can nearly affect every major organ in the child's body. Complications may be disabling or life-threatening if the disease is not well controlled. Complications may include and not limited to

1.     High blood pressure

2.     Kidney disease

3.     Heart and blood vessel disease

4.     Eye problem or Diabetic retinopathy

5.     High cholesterol level

Diabetes screening is recommended for all children who are overweight or obese. For early diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease visit Max Hospital. One of the best hospitals in New Delhi headed by Dr. Nikhil Agnihotri, who is a pioneer in treating conditions related to childhood  DIABESITY.

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Who All Are The Eligible Candidates For Bariatric Surgery?

A person who has a BMI (Body Mass Index) above 30 is considered to be obese. Obesity is the 2nd most common lifestyle disease after cancer. A recent study shows that almost 60 percent of the overall population in urban society is overweight. This is mainly because of poor lifestyle choices.

Eating too much fast food and not burning those toxic calories out through exercise leads to the accumulation of excessive fat cells in the body. In such a case the doctor first recommends the patient to strictly maintain a healthy diet and engage in a daily exercise routine. But when the changes fail to help the person in losing weight, bariatric surgery is recommended.

What is the aim of bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is a surgery that is conducted for weight loss. The process aims at reducing the capacity of the stomach so that the overall food consumption of the patient reduces. When the stomach is restricted it causes malabsorption of nutrients. This surgery causes hormonal changes in the body which results in drastic weight loss. Most of the bariatric procedures are conducted through a minimally invasive technique known as laparoscopic surgery.

Who should opt for bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is not for everyone. It is only applicable to:

• Patients who have a BMI rate more than or equal to 37.5.
• Patients with a BMI of more than 32.5 with significant co-morbidities.
• People on whom non-surgical methods like diet, supplements, medicines or exercise have failed.

Also, it should be noted that people who are medically fragile and does not have a supportive immunity system to undergo surgery, should not opt for this. Some people with psychiatric issues like eating disorders should even not go for bariatric surgery.

Best obesity treatment in New Delhi

The bariatric department in Max Super Speciality Hospital headed by Dr. Nikhil Agnihotri, Bariatric surgeon, is famous for its effective Obesity treatment in New Delhi. The hospital offers advanced laparoscopic-assisted bariatric surgery in New Delhi. With a highly efficient team, the hospital completely devotes itself to provide quality healthcare service to the patients.

So if you are planning for a weight loss surgery in New Delhi, consult Max Super Speciality Hospital.

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How Does Obesity Affect The Body Systems?

One of the deadliest and widely spread lifestyle diseases is obesity. A person is considered to be obese if he has a BMI (Body Mass Index) over 30. In a recent study, it has been found that almost 60% of the total population globally is obese or overweight. Among which 38% are men and 40% are women. Sadly enough even children below the age of 5 are also suffering from obesity due consumption of unhealthy and junk food.

There was a time when people used to eat mainly freshly cooked home food. But today due to the fast lifestyles people mostly have readymade or processed food instead of home cooked food. Having too much of fat storage in the body and then not burning them out with proper workouts lead to obesity. Obesity also comes along with a lot of other diseases such as heart diseases, blood pressure issue and diabetes. 90% of people who suffer from obesity also suffers from diabetes.

What are the risk factors related to obesity?

This one disease increases the risk of multiple other health problems. Some of the common diseases may include:

• Cancer (Endometrial, colon and breast)- After smoking, obesity is the next biggest cause for cancer.
• Liver and gallbladder problems- Obesity is one of the greatest reasons behind the growth of stones and blockages in the ducts.
• Infertility- Obesity reduces the quality of eggs produced in a female body. Similarly, it also reduces the quality and quantity of sperm produced in a male body. Most obese women have higher chances of having PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome).
• Osteoarthritis- Obesity stresses the joints and thus obese people often suffer with arthritis.
• Coronary heart disease and stroke - Patients with too much fat has higher chances of heart attack and stroke. Because of excessive fat, inflammation is likely to occur. It causes poor blood flow and potential blockages.
• Respiratory issues- Obesity affects both the nervous and the respiratory systems. Being overweight hinders your ability to breathe. More amounts of fat mean the body needs more oxygen.

Max Hospital is one such healthcare provider which is well known for its advanced Bariatric Department. Starting from obesity to other linked diseases, here you can find solutions for all your health issues. This is by far the most reliable bariatric surgery centre in New Delhi.

Headed by Dr. Nikhil Agnihotri (Bariatric Surgeon), the hospital offers the most effective obesity treatment in New Delhi.

Book an appointment now itself!

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